Moral arguments against the consumption of animal products from factory farms are traditionally categorical. The conclusions require people to eliminate from their diets all animal products (veganism), all animal flesh (vegetarianism), all animals except seafood (pescetarianism), etc. An alternative “reducetarian” approach prescribes progressive reduction in one's consumption of animal products, not categorical abstention. We articulate a much-needed moral defense of this more ecumenical approach. We start with a presumptive case in favor of reducetarianism before moving on to address three objections—that (...) it falls short of our obligations to address such an egregious practice, is a rationalization of the status quo, and cannot fix systemic injustices in animal agriculture. We conclude that reducetarianism is a defensible approach for many people and is a promising route to moral progress on factory farming. (shrink)

The purpose of this work is to compare the ways in which relational databases—more especially, Microsoft SQL Server—and non-relational databases—MongoDB—handle unstructured data in JSON format. Although a lot of study has been done comparing different database management systems in terms of security, performance, and other aspects, little is known about how these databases are evaluated according to the type of data they handle. The main goal of this study is to examine the various features that relational and non-relational databases provide (...) for handling JSON data. We will conduct a number of tests to do this, making sure that the relevant data doesn't need to be normalised. To draw a conclusion, the outcomes of these studies will thereafter be examined. (shrink)

1. Over the last 50 years or so, and especially over the last few decades, the U.S. and many other societies have undergone a large, rapid, and broad decline in anti-gay attitudes. The magnitude, s...

In the context of mid-level professional writing jobs, we examine the productivity effects of a generative artificial intelligence technology, namely the assistive chatbot ChatGPT. We used ChatGPT to randomly expose half of the 444 college-educated professionals to occupation-specific, incentive-based writing tasks in a preregistered online experiment. Our results show that ChatGPT considerably increases average productivity: output quality improves by 0.4 standard deviations and task completion time drops by 0.8 standard deviations. By compressing the production distribution, ChatGPT also lessens worker inequality, (...) mainly helping individuals with lesser starting abilities. ChatGPT shifts the focus of activities from rough-drafting to idea generation and editing, thereby replacing worker effort rather than enhancing worker skills. Furthermore, exposure to ChatGPT increases job satisfaction and self-efficacy while also heightening both concerns and excitement about automation technologies. (shrink)

Through an examination of Stack Overflow posts, this study explores Docker-related subjects and difficulties in order to pinpoint common problems and patterns in Docker development. We created an extensive dataset of Docker conversations by utilising both tag-based and content-based filtering techniques. These conversations were categorised using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modelling, which showed that the most common theme is Application Development, which includes topics like Framework Management, Coding Problems, Data Transfer, and Docker-specific frameworks. Because of Docker's strong market presence, (...) developers are very interested in using it to build and manage apps, as evidenced by this dominant category. The study highlights important areas of interest and difficulty within the Docker community and offers insightful information on the many technical and operational problems faced by Docker developers. These findings offer guidance for future research, tool development, and educational resources, aiming to address the evolving needs of Docker practitioners and enhance the overall development experience. (shrink)

In the current digital environment, cyberattacks continue to pose a serious risk and difficulty. Internet of Things (IoT) devices are becoming more and more vulnerable due to security problems like ransomware, malware, poor encryption, and IoT botnets. These flaws may result in ransom demands, data tampering, illegal access, and system risks. Creating strong cybersecurity procedures for contemporary smart environments is essential to resolving these problems. This strategy uses proactive network traffic monitoring to spot any dangers in the Internet of Things (...) ecosystem. Our approach is to improve Smart Environments' security and awareness of potential threats. Two IoT gateways were used to examine the effectiveness and performance of a deep neural network (DNN) model. The results were promising: the model caused an average increase of less than 30 kb/s in network bandwidth and a mere 2% rise in CPU usage. Additionally, memory and power consumption were minimal, with 0.42 GB and 0.2 GB of memory usage for NVIDIA Jetson and Raspberry Pi devices, respectively, and an average 13.5% increase in power consumption per device. The machine learning models achieved nearly 93% detection accuracy and a 92% F1 score on the datasets used. Our framework demonstrates an effective and efficient method for detecting malware and attacks in Smart Environments. (shrink)

Security is a major concern on the internet, and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are a significant threat. These attacks overwhelm network resources and use up bandwidth, making it difficult for legitimate users to access services. One challenge in dealing with DDoS attacks is telling the difference between a sudden increase in traffic from real users, known as a "flash crowd," and actual attack traffic. This paper looks at different existing solutions for detecting DDoS attacks and explains how these (...) methods help reduce their impact. As more businesses move to cloud-based services, the risk of DDoS attacks has increased. These attacks can seriously disrupt organizations by overloading their network resources and making important services unavailable. Traditional defense methods, like firewalls, are no longer enough to handle the scale and complexity of modern DDoS attacks. To address this issue, We propose a new approach that utilizes the implementation of deep learning models to detect DDoS attacks in cloud environments. Our method uses various features from network traffic to train machine learning algorithms, aiming to effectively identify DDoS attacks in real-time with high accuracy. (shrink)

A Better Ape covers the evolution of morality from the birth of our ape family through the evolution of human species and all the way up to the development of modern societies. In this summary, we highlight several main elements of this account: the co-evolution of morality with intelligence and complex sociality; the role of social institutions and religious morality in the cultural evolution of behaviorally modern humans in prehistory; the increasing complexity of the moral mind through biological evolution in (...) apes, gene-culture co-evolution in various human species, cultural evolution in Homo sapiens, and rational-cultural evolution in recent centuries; and, finally, a cultural evolutionary model of progressive and regressive moral change on which a key factor driving moral progress is social and democratic integration. (shrink)

The AICTE approval process for institutions plays a critical role in regulating technical education in India, ensuring quality and adherence to established standards. However, the current system is cumbersome, leading to delays and inefficiencies. This paper proposes the development of an AI-powered assistive portal that automates key stages of the approval process. The portal aims to reduce manual errors, provide real-time feedback, and enhance user experience for stakeholders, thereby improving overall system efficiency and transparency.

Arguments attempting to debunk moral beliefs, by showing they are unjustified, have tended to be global, targeting all moral beliefs or a large set of them. Popular debunking arguments point to various factors purportedly influencing moral beliefs, from evolutionary pressures, to automatic and emotionally-driven processes, to framing effects. We show that these sweeping arguments face a debunker’s dilemma: either the relevant factor is not a main basis for belief or it does not render the relevant beliefs unjustified. Empirical debunking arguments (...) in ethics can avoid this predicament, but only if they are refocused on highly selective classes of moral belief. Experimental data can combine with familiar consistency reasoning to reveal that like cases are not being treated alike. Selective debunking arguments are unlikely to yield sweeping sceptical conclusions, but they can lead to rational moral change. (shrink)

This chapter discusses contemporary scientific research on the role of reason and emotion in moral judgment. The literature suggests that moral judgment is influenced by both reasoning and emotion separately, but there is also emerging evidence of the interaction between the two. While there are clear implications for the rationalism-sentimentalism debate, we conclude that important questions remain open about how central emotion is to moral judgment. We also suggest ways in which moral philosophy is not only guided by empirical research (...) but continues to guide it. (shrink)

Can reasoning improve moral judgments and lead to moral progress? Pessimistic answers to this question are often based on caricatures of reasoning, weak scientific evidence, and flawed interpretations of solid evidence. In support of optimism, we discuss three forms of moral reasoning (principle reasoning, consistency reasoning, and social proof) that can spur progressive changes in attitudes and behavior on a variety of issues, such as charitable giving, gay rights, and meat consumption. We conclude that moral reasoning, particularly when embedded in (...) social networks with mutual trust and respect, is integral to moral progress. (shrink)

This paper explores the intersection between Advaita Vedanta's non-dualistic conception of consciousness and the evolving field of quantum physics, offering a dialogue between ancient metaphysical insights and modern scientific thought. Advaita Vedanta, an Indian philosophical tradition, posits that consciousness is the fundamental reality, transcending the material world, which it views as an illusion, or Maya. Similarly, contemporary developments in quantum physics challenge the classical materialistic worldview by revealing that reality, at its most fundamental level, is interconnected, probabilistic, and observer-dependent. This (...) philosophical dialogue aims to bridge these two domains by examining how quantum phenomena, such as wave-particle duality, non-locality, and the observer effect, resonate with Advaita’s concept of Brahman as the ultimate, non-dual consciousness. By exploring parallels between these seemingly disparate fields, this paper questions the limitations of materialistic interpretations of consciousness and proposes that quantum physics could offer a scientific framework to support Advaita’s assertion that consciousness is the substratum of reality. The discussion further investigates how the observer effect in quantum mechanics might align with the Advaitic principle that reality is shaped by consciousness. This study contributes to contemporary debates in the philosophy of mind and philosophy of science by proposing a unified model of consciousness that transcends dualistic divisions between mind and matter, advancing the possibility of a deeper metaphysical understanding of the universe. (shrink)

In one of his earliest dialogues, the Soliloquia, Augustine identifies the liberal arts (disciplinae) with truth (veritas), and employs this somewhat puzzling identification as a premise in his infamous proof of the immortality of the soul (Sol. 2.24). In this paper, I examine Augustine’s argument for this peculiar identification. Augustine maintains both (1) that the constituent propositions of the liberal arts are true, and (2) that the liberal art of dialectic (disciplina disputandi) is the “truth through which all disciplines are (...) true” (Sol. 2.21). I argue that Augustine identifies the liberal arts with truth because (1) the constituent propositions of the liberal arts are learned, and (2) dialectic’s structure is essential to the liberal arts. I further suggest that the subject matter of each liberal art reflects a distinct segment of intelligible reality, that is, the realm of the intelligible Forms. (shrink)

The Unified Medical Language System and the Gene Ontology are among the most widely used terminology resources in the biomedical domain. However, when we evaluate them in the light of simple principles for wellconstructed ontologies we find a number of characteristic inadequacies. Employing the theory of granular partitions, a new approach to the understanding of ontologies and of the relationships ontologies bear to instances in reality, we provide an application of this theory in relation to an example drawn from the (...) context of the pathophysiology of hypertension. This exercise is designed to demonstrate how, by taking ontological principles into account we can create more realistic biomedical ontologies which will also bring advantages in terms of efficiency and robustness of associated software applications. (shrink)

The present paper aims to study the origin and the development of karma and rebirth theory, which was the outcome of the collective historical experiment of multiple social groups under the socially shared ideological philosophical system of Ancient India. The existing historiography looked at it as a superfi- cial system dealing with certain ideas around religion and ritual. Therefore, it missed out on the other aspects related to it, which evolved around the notion of penance and punishment. That internalizes the (...) social order and justified the unaccounted inequalities by forcing individuals to self-surrender for violation of social and legal limitations of the concerned society. This present paper is going to look at this primary idea by focusing on multiple forms of karma and rebirth and the idea of the body in the same as depicted in Manusmrti. In addi tion to this, it will also check the inter-mixture of social and religious morality in the same through the historical process of ethnicization by making the base to the existing socio-economic environment of the concerned period. (shrink)

The project is aimed at an arduous task of precise identification of medicinal plant species with the problem being pertinent in those industries that include botany, Ayurveda, pharmacology, and biomedical research. Most of the traditional identification methods are quite serious challenges for users, researchers, and students because they are usually time-consuming, knowledge-intensive, and prone to human errors. Our proposal develops an advanced web-based application for this process by utilizing state-of-the-art methods in image processing and machine learning. We will create a (...) platform where users can upload or take pictures of plant specimens and obtain accurate identifications and comprehensive medical information by using machine learning algorithms with plant species image datasets. This application is done in a way that the interface would be user-friendly and favor research, identification, and learning, especially for Ayurvedic practitioners, biomedical specialists, botanists, and students. Therefore, our project is aimed at developing an exhaustive and reliable solution for medicinal plant identification and study by overcoming the deficiencies of existing systems, such as a small dataset, poor variable quality, and lack of complete medicinal information. (shrink)

This project aims to provide a comprehensive placement preparation platform designed for college campus placements, utilizing a modern tech stack to deliver a robust and efficient solution. Built with Node.js and integrated with MySQL Workbench for database management, this web application centralizes critical resources such as company-specific interview experiences, placement materials, preparation roadmaps, and eligibility criteria. Students can create an account and log in to access these resources, ensuring they have organized and up-to-date information to guide their preparation. With its (...) efficient backend powered by Node.js and structured data storage in MySQL, the platform delivers a seamless and responsive user experience. By addressing common challenges in placement preparation—fragmented information access, outdated resources, and lack of guided preparation paths—this application provides a centralized, user-friendly solution to enhance students' readiness and increase their chances of success in campus recruitment efforts. (shrink)

The present investigation was undertaken to investigate the acute toxicity of cadmium, a heavy metal widely detected in the aquatic environment due to natural effects and anthropogenic activities, in freshwater teleost, Channa punctata (Bloch). The experiments for the bioassay were performed in semi-static test condition according to the standard guidelines. The behavioural changes in the fish were observed for all tested concentrations of the metal. The data obtained for bioassay were analyzed for median lethal concentrations (LC ) of the metal (...) by SPSS computer software. The LC 50 50 values, estimated by SPSS, with 95% confidence level were found to be:20.589 (18.326-23.221), 17.133 (14.840- 19.734), 11.815 (9.696 – 13.850) mg/L and 9.908 (7.635-12381) mg/L for cadmium chloride at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h exposure, respectively. (shrink)

The present article traces the development of the concept of social justice through different philosophical traditions. The notion and philosophy of 'Justice' is the core of socio-legal and political streams and ethics. The idea of justice is applied not just to individual engagements but to broader aspects such as public policies and laws of the land. Justice is often used in the context of 'righteousness' and as a 'virtue'. Still, it is not easy to define and completely clarify the concept (...) of justice. We can analyse it by employing specific terms, which acquaint us with the best possible understanding of justice. A single definition would not suffice to fulfil our aim of the study. Therefore, in this essay, the author delineates how philosophers and thinkers have theorised 'Justice' throughout ancient, medieval and modern times. (shrink)

Andrea Kern contends that perceptual experience is perceptual knowledge if our self-consciously held capacity for perceptual knowledge is “perfectly” actualized. I argue that this view requires further justification. First, Kern is unable to support her claim that an awareness of our self-conscious capacity for perceptual knowledge is “contained” in all our perceptions. Second, Kern’s claim that perception includes the idea of the conditions of perception is potentially inconsistent with her denial that perceptual experience enables perceptual knowledge.

The National Cancer Institute’s Thesaurus (NCIT) has been created with the goal of providing a controlled vocabulary which can be used by specialists in the various sub-domains of oncology. It is intended to be used for purposes of annotation in ways designed to ensure the integration of data and information deriving from these various sub-domains, and thus to support more powerful cross-domain inferences. In order to evaluate its suitability for this purpose, we examined the NCIT’s treatment of the kinds of (...) entities which are fundamental to an ontology of colon carcinoma. We here describe the problems we uncovered concerning classification, synonymy, relations and definitions, and we draw conclusions for the work needed to establish the NCIT as a reference ontology for the cancer domain in the future. (shrink)

An important part of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is its Semantic Network, consisting of 134 Semantic Types connected to each other by edges formed by one or more of 54 distinct Relation Types. This Network is however for many purposes overcomplex, and various groups have thus made attempts at simplification. Here we take this work further by simplifying the relations which involve the three Semantic Types – Diagnostic Procedure, Laboratory Procedure and Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure. We define operators (...) which can be used to generate terms instantiating types from this selected set when applied to terms designating certain other Semantic Types, including almost all the terms specifying clinical tasks. Usage of such operators thus provides a useful and economical way of specifying clinical tasks. The operators allow us to define a mapping between those types within the UMLS which do not represent clinical tasks and those which do. This mapping then provides a basis for an ontology of clinical tasks that can be used in the formulation of computer-interpretable clinical guideline models. (shrink)

In today’s competitive job market, job seekers often struggle to find suitable employment due to limited support and fragmented resources across various platforms. The PGRKAM Web Application addresses these challenges by centralizing employment data into a single, user-friendly platform that enhances job search efficiency. The application consolidates job listings from multiple sources, offers real-time notifications, and provides personalized job recommendations. It is structured with a two-tiered service model: a free version offering access to job listings and essential search features, and (...) a subscription-based version providing advanced support, including performance analysis, personalized training suggestions, and a structured feedback system to continuously improve employability. Optimized for web access and designed to support regional economic growth, the PGRKAM Web Application empowers job seekers with relevant, real-time data, ultimately increasing their chances of securing meaningful employment in Punjab. (shrink)

that can serve as a foundation for more refined ontologies in the field of proteomics. Standard data sources classify proteins in terms of just one or two specific aspects. Thus SCOP (Structural Classification of Proteins) is described as classifying proteins on the basis of structural features; SWISSPROT annotates proteins on the basis of their structure and of parameters like post-translational modifications. Such data sources are connected to each other by pairwise term-to-term mappings. However, there are obstacles which stand in the (...) way of combining them together to form a robust meta-classification of the needed sort. We discuss some formal ontological principles which should be taken into account within the existing datasources in order to make such a metaclassification possible, taking into account also the Gene Ontology (GO) and its application to the annotation of proteins. (shrink)

Location analytics is key to get into the current market. It deals with movements data of customer which tells about the customer’s lifestyle, their behavior through understanding the visiting pattern. A geo-fence is a virtual boundary for a real-world geographic area. A geo-fence can be generated as per user’s need by considering different radius, or a geo-fence can be a predefined set of boundaries. Geo-fencing is use of geo-fence. Geo fencing is a feature that uses the global positioning system (GPS) (...) to define geographical boundaries. It has widely increasing scope. Very few applications are dealing with geo-notifications that are intended to inform the mobile/stationary user proactively about location specific information. The technology behind proactive location-based services is called Geo-fencing. (shrink)

This project focuses on simplifying the legal documentation process for small businessesand individuals in India. Utilizing advanced technologies such as Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and AI-driven models, the system automatically drafts and simplifies complex legaldocuments. The platform features a user-friendly interface for easy input, integration withup-to-date legal resources, and ensures strict data privacy and security. By reducing the time, effort, and potential errors associated with legal documentation, the assistant aims to improve accessibility to legal services and promotegreater access to justice. (...) This documentation provides a comprehensive guide to the design, features, and implementation of the AI-powered solution. (shrink)

What is unique about art genres? In this paper, I will show that genres are best understood as clusters of regulative rules for appreciation. Evaluation, interpretation, and other appreciative responses to a work of art are sensitive to how the work is categorised, and genres are the categories that play a normative role in this context. Genres as rules have social foundations and arise from a speech act that I distinguish from classification and call framing. Based on this account, I (...) will illustrate genre practices as social practices in which we declare and propose rules of appreciation to each other. (shrink)

This research focuses on developing an advanced UAV detection system using state-of-theart YOLOv8 and YOLOv9 models. By training these models on diverse datasets, we aim to enhance real-time detection accuracy and precision under various environmental conditions. The system is designed to improve UAV safety and minimize bird collisions. Through rigorous benchmarking, we demonstrate significant improvements in detection performance, accuracy, and computational efficiency compared to existing approaches. A user-friendly web interface, built using HTML, CSS, and Flask, provides real-time visualization of detection (...) results and system performance. This innovative system holds immense potential for applications in defense, airspace safety, wildlife conservation, and other UAV-dependent sectors. (shrink)

The project aims to address the critical need for a robust explosion risk assessment tool in the oil and gas industry, particularly in oil and gas refinery environments where safety is paramount. Traditional methods of threat assessment are often manual, subjective, and limited in their capacity to provide real-time insights, which poses significant challenges for industry professionals in managing potential hazards. Our project leverages real-time weather data and machine learning algorithms to develop an advanced web application designed to identify and (...) assess threat zones within oil and gas refineries. By utilizing refinery-specific datasets, real-time weather parameters, and machine learning models, the application enables users to upload or access refinery data, select industry-specific details, and receive accurate risk predictions along with stability class assessments. The application integrates the OpenWeatherMap API to provide up-to-date weather information, while a Random Forest classifier used for gas classification and some other parameters are calculated and trained on relevant features such as wind speed, cloud cover, and insolation levels to predict explosion risks. Designed with an intuitive, user-friendly interface, this tool will be invaluable for safety engineers, refinery managers, and environmental professionals, facilitating proactive risk management and informed decision-making. By addressing limitations in current risk assessment methods—such as limited access to real-time environmental data, variable risk levels, and lack of predictive analytics—our project aims to provide a comprehensive, data-driven solution for managing safety and mitigating risks in high-stakes industrial environments. (shrink)

The Legal Document Assistant project aims to make legal documentation more accessible and manageable for individuals and small businesses in India. Using artificial intelligence (AI), the platform simplifies the creation, updating, and management of legal documents for non-lawyers. Key features include a user-friendly interface that ensures accuracy and compliance with local regulations. A machine learning algorithm generates documents based on user inputs. To enhance security, the system uses One-Time Password authentication, requiring all parties to validate changes or updates, ensuring secure (...) and authorized modifications. By facilitating the creation of verified and legally sound documents, the Legal Document Assistant project makes legal services more accessible, minimizes errors, and saves time for individuals and small businesses across India. n. (shrink)

The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in the economy, providing food and raw materials while sustaining livelihoods for millions. However, one of the significant challenges faced by farmers is the unpredictability of crop prices. Market fluctuations can be influenced by various factors, including weather conditions and government policies. Predicting these prices accurately can lead to better decision-making, optimizing production, and improving profitability. With advancements in technology, machine learning (ML).

The advancement of machine learning (ML) has revolutionized healthcare by enabling the early detection and diagnosis of multiple diseases. This paper presents a Multiple Disease Prediction System using machine learning algorithms to analyze patient data and predict the likelihood of diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and kidney disease. The proposed model utilizes various ML classifiers, including Decision Trees, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Neural Networks, to enhance prediction accuracy. The system aims to provide a costeffective, accurate, and (...) efficient tool for healthcare professionals and patients. (shrink)

In this paper current author proposes a need for studying intricate differences between psychological aspects, factors, cognitions, affect, behaviour and related dynamics. It can be promoted as a separate branch within the domain of Psychology as Intricacy Psychology. Case history taking for the new Intervention Meditation of current author is proposed in line with capturing such intricacies of the client. The current also proposes to study the intricacies belonging to ‘Self’ as an important factor within his new Intervention Meditation approach. (...) View of Self in line with current author’s new Intervention Meditation is also outlined. This paper is at the initial stage of the series of papers planned to develop his new Intervention Meditation approach which is entirely different from all other meditations in vogue. (shrink)

The AWSAR Job Portal is developed to provide job seekers with a platform to register, log in, and apply for jobs with ease. The purpose of this project was to create a full-stack web application, ensuring smooth user experience and addressing common challenges such as responsiveness and compatibility across browsers. The project used technologies like React.js, Tailwind CSS for frontend development, and Node.js with Express.js for backend management. MongoDB was implemented for database storage. The key challenge faced was the unresponsiveness (...) of the 'Apply to a job' button post-login, which was successfully resolved through code optimization. This manuscript discusses the system's architecture, methodology, issues encountered, and future enhancements. (shrink)

How can we make moral progress on factory farming? Part of the answer lies in human moral psychology. Meat consumption remains high, despite increased awareness of its negative impact on animal welfare. Weakness of will is part of the explanation: acceptance of the ethical arguments doesn’t always motivate changes in dietary habits. However, we draw on scientific evidence to argue that many consumers aren’t fully convinced that they morally ought to reduce their meat consumption. We then identify two key psychological (...) mechanisms—motivated reasoning and social proof—that lead people to resist the ethical reasons. Finally, we show how to harness these psychological mechanisms to encourage reductions in meat consumption. A central lesson for moral progress generally is that durable social change requires socially-embedded reasoning. (shrink)

Formalisms such as description logics (DL) are sometimes expected to help terminologies ensure compliance with sound ontological principles. The objective of this paper is to study the degree to which one DL-based biomedical terminology (SNOMED CT) complies with such principles. We defined seven ontological principles (for example: each class must have at least one parent, each class must differ from its parent) and examined the properties of SNOMED CT classes with respect to these principles. Our major results are: 31% of (...) the classes have a single child; 27% have multiple parents; 51% do not exhibit any differentiae between the description of the parent and that of the child. The applications of this study to quality assurance for ontologies are discussed and suggestions are made for dealing with multiple inheritance. (shrink)

Because of advanced automation, data exchange, and cyber-physical systems, traditional project risk management strategies are losing their effectiveness in the era of Industry 4.0. This study investigates how integrating Industry 4.0 technology into project risk management frameworks can have real-world implications. Using technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and the Internet of Things (IoT), it proposes a new framework that enhances risk identification, assessment, and mitigation methods. In order to demonstrate how Industry 4.0 is transforming risk management practices, (...) this article examines real-world case studies and industry implementations. The framework addresses significant opportunities and challenges to provide practitioners with useful insights for adapting to the evolving technological context. The findings suggest that incorporating Industry 4.0 technologies can significantly improve risk management efficiency and project outcomes, offering a pathway for organizations to navigate the complexities of modern project environments. (shrink)

Hierarchy and inequality are deeply rooted in Indian tradition. They are found in practice in the form of unequal placement of caste and class groups in the civilizing system of Indian society. The notions of dharma (normative order), karma (personnel moral commitment) and jāti (caste) that constitute the basic principles of Indian culture, making the Indian cultural tradition a unique cultural tradition, are also the principles of hierarchy and social stratification. In this paper, an attempt has been made to present (...) a comprehensive and investigative view of different scholars concerning the deep-rooted traditional characteristics of caste in Indian society. (shrink)

Evidence-based medicine relies on the execution of clinical practice guidelines and protocols. A great deal of of effort has been invested in the development of various tools which automate the representation and execution of the recommendations contained within such guidelines and protocols by creating Computer Interpretable Guideline Models (CIGMs). Context-based task ontologies (CTOs), based on standard terminology systems like UMLS, form one of the core components of such a model. We have created DAML+OIL-based CTOs for the tasks mentioned in the (...) WHO guideline for hypertension management, drawing comparisons also with other related guidelines. The advantages of CTOs include: contextualization of ontologies, providing ontologies tailored to specific aspects of the phenomena of interest, dividing the complexity involved in creating ontologies into different levels, providing a methodology by means of which the task recommendations contained within guidelines can be integrated into the clinical practices of a health care set-up. (shrink)

We provide a methodology for the creation of ontological partitions in biomedicine and we test the methodology via an application to the phenomenon of blood pressure. An ontology of blood pressure must do justice to the complex networks of intersecting pathways in the organism by which blood pressure is regulated. To this end it must deal not only with the anatomical structures and physiological processes involved in such regulation but also with the relations between these at different levels of granularity. (...) For this purpose our ontology offers a variety of distinct partitions � of substances, processes and functions � and integrates these together within a single framework via transitive networks of part-whole and dependence relations among the entities in each of these categories. The paper concludes with a comparison of this methodology with the approaches of GOTM, KEGG, DIP and BIND and provides an outline of how the methodology is currently being applied in the field of biomedical database integration. (shrink)

Formalisms based on one or other flavor of Description Logic (DL) are sometimes put forward as helping to ensure that terminologies and controlled vocabularies comply with sound ontological principles. The objective of this paper is to study the degree to which one DL-based biomedical terminology (SNOMED CT) does indeed comply with such principles. We defined seven ontological principles (for example: each class must have at least one parent, each class must differ from its parent) and examined the properties of SNOMED (...) CT classes with respect to these principles. Our major results are: 31% of these classes have a single child; 27% have multiple parents; 51% do not exhibit any differentiae between the description of the parent and that of the child. The applications of this study to quality assurance for ontologies are discussed and suggestions are made for dealing with the phenomenon of multiple inheritance. The advantages and limitations of our approach are also discussed. (shrink)

An explicit formal-ontological representation of entities existing at multiple levels of granularity is an urgent requirement for biomedical information processing. We discuss some fundamental principles which can form a basis for such a representation. We also comment on some of the implicit treatments of granularity in currently available ontologies and terminologies (GO, FMA, SNOMED CT).

The Silent 'I' in Anger explores the deep-seated nature of anger and the transformative power of self-awareness. In the midst of emotional storms, the "I" within us remains silent, observing and offering a path to inner peace. This book serves as a guide for understanding anger not as an enemy, but as an opportunity for personal growth and emotional mastery. Through powerful insights and practical techniques, Ranjeet Kumar (Moksh) uncovers the quiet eye at the center of the storm—a place (...) of stillness that allows us to harness our emotions, rather than be overwhelmed by them. Discover how embracing this silent "I" can lead to profound calm in the chaos of life. (shrink)

This project focuses on developing a community-based reporting and monitoring tool to improve women’s safety in colleges and universities. The tool allows users to anonymously report unsafe incidents, harassment, or suspicious activities, with features for immediate alerting to campus authorities and support groups. It integrates GPS tracking for emergencies and data visualization to monitor safety trends. Built using Java, XML, and Android Studio, the platform fosters collaboration between students, faculty, and administrators, encouraging proactive safety measures. By enabling discreet reporting and (...) real-time monitoring, the tool aims to create a safer campus environment for women. (shrink)

Higher Education has been considered as a site of knowledge, and it is a place, where one can pursue it. But, the distribution of knowledge and acquiring knowledge is controlled by various factors. For example, caste, class, language, region, religion, gender, race, etc. The two principal factors, i.e. language and caste, determine one's access and then survival in higher educational institutions. The Hegemony of English language becomes a very problematic for non-English background students in the higher educational classroom in India. (...) The hegemony of one language itself achieves the status of dominant or prestigious. The caste, class and gender also determine who are going to use the English language as a medium of instruction. In the era of modernization and globalization, caste, class and gender dynamic work inherently in the higher education. In this context, this paper gives a broader insight of language and caste-based discrimination, and it's a mechanism in the higher education set-ups. (shrink)

This comprehensive article explores the convergence of cloud computing and Java technologies, highlighting their synergistic relationship in modern software development. It examines key concepts in cloud computing, including virtualization, microservices architecture, CI/CD practices, and serverless computing. The article also discusses various cloud service models (SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS), their applications, and essential tools and technologies for cloud development. A financial institution's infrastructure modernization case study illustrates the practical implementation of these concepts, demonstrating how cloud technologies and Java can enhance agility, (...) reliability, cost-efficiency, and innovation in traditional industries. (shrink)

Outcomes research in healthcare has been a topic much addressed in recent years. Efforts in this direction have been supplemented by work in the areas of guidelines for clinical practice and computer-interpretable workflow and careflow models.In what follows we present the outlines of a framework for understanding the relations between organizations, guidelines, individual patients and patient-related functions. The derived framework provides a means to extract the knowledge contained in the guideline text at different granularities, in ways that can help us (...) to assign tasks within the healthcare organization and to assess clinical performance in realizing the guideline. It does this in a way that preserves the flexibility of the organization in the adoption of the guidelines. (shrink)

Kant interpreters are divided on the question of whether determinate cognition plays a role in the harmony of the faculties in aesthetic judgement. I provide a ‘non-cognitive’ interpretation that allows Kant’s statements regarding judgements of natural beauty to cohere such that determinate cognition need not be taken to perform any role in such judgements. I argue that, in aesthetic harmony, judgement privileges the free activity of the imagination over the cognizing function of the understanding for the purpose of unifying the (...) object, although the free imagination cannot violate the obscure concepts and principles of ordinary common sense. (shrink)

The irreducibility thesis of phenomenal consciousness can only succeed against the sceptical attack and avoid solipsism iff it can coherently establish the transition from subjective certainty to the objectivity of knowledge. The sceptical attack on the relationship between the phenomenal qualitative character of experience about the subjects own mental fact and the awareness of the qualitative properties of the phenomenal object can be avoided through establishing the immediacy of experience. The phenomenal realist become successful in establishing the subjective certainty about (...) the knowledge of phenomenal consciousness, however, has been failed in establishing objective certainty of knowledge, which leads to several epistemological problems (i.e., scepticism about the independent existence of external world, knowledge about the external reality and the existence of other mind; popularly known as the harder problem of consciousness) in philosophy of mind. In this paper, my objective is to reveal the undesirable consequences of representationalism. Representationalism is not an ideal option for responding to the sceptical attack against the other minds and the reality of the external world. It always leaves an open question for us about the relation between the representation of the object of experience and consciousness. Representationalistic theories of experience violates the principles of phenomenality by rejecting the immediacy of experience and has been committing the pragmatic contradiction by reducing the phenomenal properties to representational properties. The categorization of knowledge about phenomenality as inferential knowledge by representationalist leave no room for foundational knowledge about phenomenality. (shrink)